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Amanda Levy amandalevy — Pipes was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Harvard historian Richard Pipes and his wife Irene (née Roth). Both Pipes' parents were from assimilated Polish Jewish families that escaped from Poland in 1939. The couple met in the United States in 1944, and married two years later. Daniel was their first child. Pipes attended the Harvard pre-school, then received a private school education, partly abroad. He enrolled in Harvard University in the fall of 1968; for his first two years he studied mathematics, but has stated: "I wasn't smart enough. So I chose to become a historian." He credits visits to the Sahara Desert in 1968 and the Sinai Desert in 1969 for piquing his interest in Arabic, and for the following two years he studied the Middle East. Pipes obtained a B.A. in history in 1971; his senior thesis was titled A Medieval Islamic Debate: The World Created in Eternity, a study of Al-Ghazali, one of the greatest jurists, theologians and mystical thinkers in the Islamic tradition. He returned to Harvard in 1973 and obtained a Ph.D. in medieval Islamic history in 1978. His Ph.D. dissertation eventually became his first book, Slave Soldiers and Islam, in 1981. He studied abroad for six years, three of which were spent in Egypt, where he wrote a book on colloquial Egyptian Arabic which was published in 1983. He taught world history at the University of Chicago from 1972 to 1982, history at Harvard from 1983 to 1984, and policy strategy at the Naval War College from 1984 to 1986. Pipes has served in various capacities at the Departments of State and Defense, and has testified to the United States Congress. He has been awarded honorary doctorates from universities in Switzerland and the United States. He speaks French and English and can read Arabic and German. He has been married twice, and has three daughters. As of January 2007, Pipes held the position of Distinguished Visiting Professor at Pepperdine University teaching a course titled "International Relations: Islam and Politics." [2]